Pawnee Indian Museum
Pawnee Indian Museum is the oldest historic site owned by the state of Kansas. In 1899 George and Elizabeth Johnson deeded to the state of Kansas most of the site upon which a large Kitkahahki (Republican) band Pawnee earth lodge village had stood in the late 1700s.
The state accepted the site in 1901, put up an iron fence and erected a granite obelisk to mark the site where in 1806, United States explorer Zebulon Pike convinced the Pawnees to lower the Spanish flag, recently left there by a large Spanish force and raise the United States flag. Supposedly this was the first time the U.S. flag was raised west of the Missouri River. This flag raising episode was true except it happened about 40 miles up the Republican River at a village the Pawnees moved to after deserting this one.
The portion of this site that was saved included 22 earth lodge depressions, numerous storage pit depressions, and remains of the fortification wall. Two house depressions were excavated in 1949 but intensive investigation of the site did not occur until 1965 under the direction of Kansas State Archeologist Tom Witty. In 1967 the museum was constructed around one of the largest of the lodge depressions before it was excavated. What the residents of the lodge left behind was uncovered by the archeologists and left in the exact same spots. Only eight of the 22 lodge depressions have been excavated. The site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
Additional archeological excavations were conducted in 2008 and 2010. Audio and video elements have added new dimensions to the visitor experience, as has a nearby nature trail. Most dramatically, the sacred bundle of a Pawnee family hangs today above the remains of the lodge's altar, much as it would have at its original site on the Loup River in Nebraska. Today the site is operated by the Kansas Historical Society as Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site.
Entry: Pawnee Indian Museum
Author: Kansas Historical Society
Author information: The Kansas Historical Society is a state agency charged with actively safeguarding and sharing the state's history.
Date Created: December 1969
Date Modified: November 2018
The author of this article is solely responsible for its content.